Дөнгөж саяхан ТВ-ээрээ Монголынхоо хөх тэнгэрийг харлаа. Нутгийн тэнгэр минь ямар сайхан харагдана вэ. Сэтгэл хөдлөөд л үзээд суулаа...

History сувгаар дараах нэвтрүүлэг гарсан юм:

Episode Detail: Lost Empire of Genghis Khaan - Digging for the Truth
Genghis Khan and the Mongols and their military might are examined. Included: a simple Ger, or Mongol home, is built on the Mongolian steppe. Also: shooting arrows on horseback.

Охин маань дараа үзэхийн тулд үзсэн хэсгээсээ бичлэг хийсэн. Би ч гэсэн дундаас нь санаандгүй үзсэн тул дутуу ч гэсэн бичлэгийг дахин үзэх болноо.
Энэхүү нэвтрүүлэг Чингисийн 800 жилийн ойн үеэр бүтээгдсэн бололтой.
Монголын Шинжлэх ухааны академийн байранд сэтгүүлч Жош Чингис хааны генийг DNA-г хэрхэн тодруулсан талаар "жинхэнэ" асуулт тавьж манай эрдэмтэн Дашням гуай түүх болон генийн судалгаанд үндэслэлсэн гэж хариулж байх юм. Миний бодлоор тэр хүний асуусан асуулт нь зөв байсан бөгөөд би одоо тэр олсон, тодруулсан гээд байгаа Чингисийн DNA-ийн талаар эргэлзсэн бодолтой явдаг.
Нэвтрүүлэгч өөрийнхөө DNA-г Чингисийн гэсэн тодотголтой DNA-тай харьцуулаад таарсангүй. Харин нэвтрүүлгийн багаас Баагий нэртэй эрийн DNA Чингисын DNA-тай таарч Чингисийн удмын хүн гэж бараг дэлхий дахинд зарлачихлаа. Чингисийн удмын болох батлагдсан анхны монгол эрийг өнөөдөр л харлаа. Дэлхий дээр Чингисын удмын байж болох хүн 200 хүнд 1 байх магадлалтай юм байна.
Мөн гавьяат Сосорбарам Чингист жүжиглэснийг хараад бодвол манайхны хийсэн "Чингис хаан" киноны хэсэг байх гэж таамаглав.

Энэхүү нэвтрүүлгийг худалдан авахыг хүсвэл энд дараарай.

Алдарт захидлуудын нэг... (нэрт зохиолч)
Германд нэг удаа ажлын шугамаар явахдаа Франкфурт хотноо байдаг нэрт зохиолчийн гэр музейд зочлох завшаан тохиож билээ.

Famous love letter by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) wrote this letter to Charlotte von Stein Goethe and is regarded by many as a German literary genius. In 1774 he wrote the popular Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (The Sorrows of Young Werther), which caused a sensation. From 1775 on he lived in Weimar, where he met and fell in love with Charlotte von Stein, inspiration for the heroine of his play Iphigenie auf Tauris (1787) and Natalie in his Wilhelm Meister novels. In 1808 he produced the first part of his most famous work, Faust.



June 17, 1784

My letters will have shown you how lovely I am. I don't dine at Court, I see few people, and take my walks alone, and at every beautiful spot I wish you were there.

I can't help loving you more than is good for me; I shall feel all the happier when I see you again. I am always conscious of my nearness to you, your presence never leaves me. In you I have a measure for every woman, for everyone; in your love a measure for all that is to be. Not in the sense that the rest of the world seems obscure tome, on the contrary, your love makes it clear; I see quite clearly what men are like and what they plan, wish, do and enjoy; I don't grudge them what they have, and comparing is a secret joy to me, possessing as I do such an imperishable treasure.

You in your household must feel as I often do in my affairs; we often don't notice objects simply because we don't choose to look at them, but things acquire an interest as soon as we see clearly the way they are related to each other. For we always like to join in, and the good man takes pleasure in arranging, putting in order and furthering the right and its peaceful rule. Adieu, you whom I love a thousand times.

source http://www.dindragoste.ro/

Алдарт захидлуудын нэг... (цэргийн жанжин)
Ер нь энэхүү жанжны дурлалын түүх нь их сонин. Миний бодлоор их тэвчээртэй эр хүн байсан.

Famous love letter by Napolean Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I) (1769 - 1821) One of the greatest military leaders in history, Napoleon Bonaparte, 'The Little Corporal', was born in Corsica. Educated at French military schools, he distinguished himself early on. He commanded troops that quelled a royalist Parisian uprising in 1795 and as reward was given the army of the interior to lead. Soon after, he was made commander in chief of the army of Italy.In addition to being a brilliant military mind and feared ruler, Napolean Bonaparte (1763 - 1821) was a prolific writer of letters. He reportedly wrote as many as 75,000 letters in his lifetime, many of them to his beautiful wife, Josephine, both before and during their marriage. He married Josephine de Beauharnais in 1796, before going off to lead the poorly equipped army based in Italy. After a coup in 1799, Napoleon became first consul, and in 1804 emperor. Between 1804 and 1810 he consolidated his empire in Europe. In 1814, following defeat in Russia, he abdicated and was banished to Elba. In 1815 he resumed power, but was crushed at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena, where he died in 1821.
In addition to being a brilliant military mind and feared ruler, Napolean Bonaparte (1763 - 1821) was a prolific writer of letters. He reportedly wrote as many as 75,000 letters in his lifetime, many of them to his beautiful wife, Josephine, both before and during their marriage. This letter, written just prior to their 1796 wedding, shows surprising tenderness and emotion from the future emperor.

Paris, December 1795

I wake filled with thoughts of you. Your portrait and the intoxicating evening which we spent yesterday have left my senses in turmoil. Sweet, incomparable Josephine, what a strange effect you have on my heart! Are you angry? Do I see you looking sad? Are you worried?... My soul aches with sorrow, and there can be no rest for you lover; but is there still more in store for me when, yielding to the profound feelings which overwhelm me, I draw from your lips, from your heart a love which consumes me with fire? Ah! it was last night that I fully realized how false an image of you your portrait gives!

You are leaving at noon; I shall see you in three hours.

Until then, mio dolce amor, a thousand kisses; but give me none in return, for they set my blood on fire.

http://www.dindragoste.ro/love/love-letters.php

Spring 1797
To Josephine,
I love you no longer; on the contrary, I detest you. you are a wretch, truly perverse, truly stupid, a real Cinderella. You never write to me at all, you do not love your husband; you know the pleasure that your letters give him yet you cannot even manage to write him half a dozen lines, dashed off in a moment! What then do you do all day, Madame? What business is so vital that it robs you of the time to write to your faithful lover? What attachment can be stifling and pushing aside the love, the tender and constant love which you promised him? Who can this wonderful new lover be who takes up your every moment, rules your days and prevents you from devoting your attention to your husband?
Beware, Josephine; one fine night the doors will be broken down and there I shall be. In truth, I am worried, my love, to have no news from you; write me a four page letter instantly made up from those delightful words which fill my heart with emotion and joy. I hope to hold you in my arms before long, when I shall lavish upon you a million kisses, burning as the equatorial sun.

source http://www.aboutadvice.com/love-letters



more:
- "Napoleon Bonaparte - Soldier, Emperor and Conquerer"

Жавахарлал Неругийн Охиндоо бичсэн алдарт захидлуудын сүүлчийнхийг нь орууллаа.
-------------------------

'FROM A FATHER TO A DAUGHTER'
-------------------------------

FAMOUS AND MUCH LOVED LETTERS FROM A FATHER TO HIS DAUGHTER - Nehru - late Prime Minister of India - to his beloved young daughter, Indira Gandhi, who also went on to become Prime Minister of India . His last in a series of letters from prison, shows the compassionate and tolerant nature of the man - a spirit we need to recapture if India is, one more, to become a dynamic "Secular" State and an example to all nations.

(With kind permission from - "India - Perspectives" - August 1997)

India, The Land of Our Adoption, to a very large degree, is what it is - utterly captivating - because of great leaders like Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, whose life has inspired me, mainly through those 31 years I spent in India, but also through reading his scholarly book, "The Discovery of India". Though I did not have the privilege of meeting Mr. Nehru personally, (I was privileged to meet his daughter, Indira ) I shall ever be grateful for his strong action which enabled me to be released from an Indian prison on a trumped up charge, brought against me by jealous money-lenders and land-lords. Life in prison is no picnic and it must have been most frustrating for Panditji to be incarcerated for so long and yet, he produced some beautiful writings from behind bars, including the following letter which I quote, verbatim. Its contents reflect the dynamism of the man, his humility and his love for the people of India for whom he was prepared to suffer so much to free them from the foreign yoke. What impresses me most of all, in his following letter, is the total lack of bitterness towards the Occupation Forces who had so brutally maltreated his people and raped his land. Please enjoy the following:-

"Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru tirelessly strove to attain a state "where mind is without fear and the head is held high… into that heaven of freedom…" He wanted his people to learn from their historic past but to remain conscious of their obligations to the future. Through his famous letters to his beloved young daughter, Indira Gandhi, he helped her and posterity to imbibe his scientific temper. "The Last Letter", as Jawaharlal Nehru preferred to call it, which he wrote from Dehra Dun prison in, 1933, to Indira Gandhi, gives us a glimpse into the thought process of a father, as also its likely impact on the daughter, both of whom went on to shape the destiny of India's teeming millions!

AUGUST 9th. 1933:- We have finished, my dear; the long story has ended. I need write no more, but the desire to end off with a kind of flourish induces me to write another letter - the Last Letter !

It was time I finished, for the end of my two-year term draws near. In three and thirty days from today I should be discharged, if indeed I am not released sooner, as the gaoler sometimes threatens to do. The full two years are not over yet, but I have received three and a half months' remission of my sentence, as all well-behaved prisoners do. For I am supposed to be a well-behaved prisoner, a reputation which I have certainly done nothing to deserve. So ends my sixth sentence, and I shall go out again into the wide world, but to what purpose? A 'quoi bon'? When most of my friends and comrades lie in gaol and the whole country seems a vast prison.

What a mountain of letters I have written! And what a lot of good 'swadeshi' (made in one's own country) ink I have spread out on 'swadeshi' paper. Was it worth while? I wonder. Will all this paper and ink convey any message to you that will interest you? You will say "yes", of course, for you will feel that any other answer might hurt me, and you are too partial to me to take such a risk. But whether you care for them or not, you cannot grudge me the joy of having written them, day after day, during these two long years. It was winter when I came. Winter gave place to our brief spring, slain all too soon by the summer heat; and then, when the ground was parched and dry and men and beast panted for breath, came the monsoon, with its bountiful supply of fresh, cool rain-water. Autumn followed, and the sky was wonderfully clear and blue and afternoons were pleasant. The year's cycle was over, and again began winter and spring and summer and the rainy season. I have sat here, writing to you and thinking of you and watched the seasons go by, and listened to the pitapat of the rain on my barrack roof :- "O doux bruit de la pluie,

Partree et sur les toits!
Pour un coeur quis'ennuie,
Oh! Le chant de la pluie!"

Benjamin Disraeli, the great English statesman, has written, "Other men condemned to exile and captivity, if they survive, despair; the man of letters may reckon those days as the sweetest of his life." He was writing about Hugo Grotius, a famous Dutch jurist and philosopher of the seventeenth century, who was condemned to imprisonment for life, but managed to escape after two years. He spent these two years in prison in philosophic and literary work. There have been many famous literary gaolbirds, the two best known, perhaps, being the Spaniard, Cervantes, who wrote 'Don Quixote' and the Englishman, John Bunyan, the author of 'Pilgrim's Progress'.

I am not a man of letters, and I am not prepared to say that the many years I have spent in gaol have been the sweetest in my life, but I must say that reading and writing have helped me wonderfully to get through them. I am not a literary man, and I am not a historian; what, indeed, am I? I find it difficult to answer that question. I have been a dabbler in many things; I began with science at college, and then took to law, and, after developing various other interests in life, finally adopted the popular and widely practiced profession of gaol-going in India!

You must not take what I have written in these letters as the final authority on any subject. A politician wants to have a say on every subject and he always pretends to know much more than he actually does. He has to be watched carefully. These letters of mine are but superficial sketches joined together by a thin thread. I have rambled on, skipping centuries and many important happenings, and then pitching my tent for quite a long time on some event which interested me. As you will notice, my likes and dislikes are pretty obvious, and so also sometimes are my moods in gaol. I do not want you to take all this for granted; there may, indeed, be many errors in my accounts. A prison, with no libraries or reference books at hand is not the most suitable place in which to write on historical subjects. I have had to rely very largely on my many note-books which I have accumulated since I began my visits to gaol twelve years ago. Many books have also come to me here; they have come and gone, for I could not collect a library here. I have shamelessly taken from these books facts and ideas; there is nothing original in what I have written. Perhaps, occasionally, you may find my letters difficult to follow; skip those parts, do not mind them. The grown-up in me got the better of me sometimes, and I wrote as I should not have done.

I have given you the barest outline; this is not history; they are just fleeting glimpses of our long past. If history interests you, you will find your way to many books which will help you to unravel the threads of past ages. But reading books alone will not help. If you would know the past, you must look upon it with sympathy and with understanding. To understand a person who lived long ago, you will have to understand his environment, the conditions under which he lived, the ideas that filled his mind. It is absurd for us to judge past people as if they lived now, and thought as we do. There is no one to defend slavery today and yet, the great Plato held that slavery was essential. Within recent times, scores of thousands of lives were given in an effort to retain slavery in the United States. We cannot judge the past from the standards of the present. Everyone will willingly admit this. But everyone will not admit the equally absurd habit of judging the present by the standards of the past. The various religions have especially helped in petrifying old beliefs and faiths and customs, which may have had some use in the age and country of their birth, but which are singularly unsuitable in our present age.

If, then, you look upon past history with the eye of sympathy, the dry bones will fill up with flesh and blood, and you will see a mighty procession of living men and women and children in every age and every clime, different from us and yet very like us, with much the same human virtues and human failings. History is not a magic show, but there is plenty of magic in it for those who have eyes to see. Innumerable pictures from the gallery of history crowd our minds. Egypt - Babylon - Nineveh - the old Indian civilisations - the coming of the Aryans to India and their spreading out over Europe and Asia - the wonderful record of Chinese culture - Knossoz and Greece -- Imperial Rome and Byzantium - the triumphant march of the Arabs across two continents - the renaissance of Indian culture and its decay - the little known Maya and Aztec civilisations of America - the vast conquests of the Mongols - the Middle Ages of Europe with their wonderful Gothic cathedrals - the coming of Islam to India and the Moghal Empire - the Renaissance of learning and art in western Europe- the discovery of America and the sea routes of the East - the beginnings of Western aggression in the East - the coming of the big machine and the development of capitalism - the spread of industrialism and European domination and imperialism and the wonders of science in the modern world.

Great empires have risen and fallen and been forgotten by man for thousands of years, till their remains were dug up again by patient explorers from under the sands that covered them. And yet, many an idea, many a fancy, has survived and proved stronger and more persistent than the empire.

"Egypt's might is tumbled down, Down a - down the deeps of thought; Greece is fallen and Troy town; Glorious Rome hath lost her crown. Venice's pride is nought. But the dreams their children dreamed, Fleeting, unsubstantial, vain, Shadowy as the shadows seemed, Airy nothing as they deemed, These remain" - So sings Mary Coleridge.

The past brings us many gifts; indeed, all that we have today is culture, civilisation, science, or knowledge of some aspects of the truth. It is a gift of the distant or recent past to us. It is right that we acknowledge our obligation to the past. But the past does not exhaust our duty or obligation; we owe a duty to the future also, and perhaps that obligation is even greater than the one we owe to the past. For the past is past and done with; we cannot change it; the future is yet to come and perhaps we may be able to shape it a little. If the past has given us some part of the truth, the future also hides many aspects of the truth and invites us to search for them. But often the past is jealous of the future and holds us in a terrible grip and we have to struggle with it to get free to face and advance towards the future.

History, it is said, has many lessons to teach us; and there is another saying,, that history never repeats itself. Both are true for we cannot learn anything from it by slavishly trying to copy it or by expecting it to repeat itself or remain stagnant; but we can learn something from it by prying behind it and trying to discover the forces that move it. Even so, what we get is seldom a straight answer. "History", says Karl Marx, "Has no other way of answering old questions than by putting new ones". The old days were days of faith. The wonderful temples, mosques and cathedrals of past centuries could never have been built but for the overpowering faith of the architects and builders and people generally. The very stones that they reverently put one on top of the other, or carved into beautiful designs, tell us of this faith The old temple spire, the mosque with its slender minarets, the Gothic cathedral, all of them pointing upward with an amazing intensity of devotion, as if offering a prayer in stone or marble to the sky above - thrill us even now.

I have given you many quotations and extracts from poets and others in this letter; I shall finish up with one more. It is from "Gitanjali"; it is a poem, or prayer, by Rabindra Nath Tagore:-

"Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of Truth; Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit; Where the mind is led forward by thee into every widening thought and action -- Into that Heaven of Freedom, my Father, let my country awake."

source: http://www.webspawner.com/users/nehru/

source: http://www.webspawner.com/users/nehru/

The purpose of Nehru's letter to his daughter
(by Mrs. C. Ekanayake, Retd. Specialist Teacher Eng. Lit., St. Anne's College, Kurunegala)
Nehru wrote this set of letters when he was in prison for being in the 'fore-front of the struggle' to win Independence for India. He was jailed eight times for being in the campaign against British Rule.
When Nehru was in prison his daughter Indira was a little girl. A father would usually write loving letters, affectionate and touching. But Nehru's letters were entirely different, arousing the curiosity of the readers. But Nehru has had a very energetic and ulterior motive and a far sighted purpose in his letters.
He used very simple language, so that his little daughter could understand him and follow him. Nehru was determined to arouse national feelings and devotion for her motherland.
There was an urgent need for independence for India. To end the era of British Colonial Rule Nehru made a successful attempt to inculcate, patriotism and love for 'mother India' and above all stimulate her, from her childhood - the importance of freedom to her mother country - in this Nehru succeeded.
India gained Independence and Nehru became the Prime Minister of India in 1947. Indira Gandhi realised that her father's desire were genuine and true he fought not for fame or status but with love and devotion for his mother country.
Jawaharlal Nehru's 'Letters to his Daughter' tend to inculcate the importance of patriotism and how even children could be directed in the right path to patriotism and detest flaunting of parental power.

source http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/12/05/mag05.html

Америк, Оросын улс төрийн тухай бичээд байдаг. Гэтэл Монголынхоо улс төрийн тухай бага оруулжээ. Таныг монголын сонин, сайтууд дээрээс тэртэй тэргүй уншдаг байхаа гэж бодож байна. Дандаа хэл амтай, хэрүүлтэй уруултай, зарга сонсоод байхаар дургүй хүрээд би бараг үзэхээ больчихож дээ...
Монгол Улсынхаа Ерөнхийлөгчийнхөө ярилцлагын орууллаа. Орос, англи хэлийг төгс эзэмшсэн хүн. Оросоор өгсөн ярилцлагыг Ерөнхийлөгчийнхөө сайтаас авчихлаа.

'Формула Власти' - Президент Монголии НАМБАРЫН ЭНХБАЯР
ОХУ-ын мэдээллийн "Итар-Тасс" агентлагаас Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн айлчлалыг тохиолдуулан бүтээсэн баримтат кино

мэдээллийг: http://www.president.mn

Төрийн минь Сүлд өршөөг

(Coat of Arms of Mongolia)

1940-1941	1941-1960
1960-1992	1992-

Өнөөдөр "Хаан иргэн"-ий төрсөн өдөр (Birthday of Martin Luther King.Jr)
Тэмцэл, хүчирхийлэлгүй тэмцэл...хүний эрх, үнэн шударга, тэгш эрхийн төлөө тэмцэл, арьсны үзлийн эсрэг тэмцэл...
Хүний (иргэний) эрхийн төлөөх, арьсны үзлийн эсрэг тухайн үеийн хар болон цагаан иргэдийн тэмцлийн тухай мэдээллүүдээс тэднийг үнэхээр бишрэх, хүндэтгэх сэтгэл төрдөг юм. Ярилцлага болон бичлэгүүдээс үзээрэй.


The landmark Eyes on the Prize television series spans 14 hours, over three decades of history, and dozens of events across the country.
This feature presents 25 of the major events, from Emmett Till's murder in 1955 to the election of Harold Washington as Chicago's first black mayor in 1983. A final section provides an update on civil rights in America today. ( site )

"I have a Dream" by Martin Luther King.Jr

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.

But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.

In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guarranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, nad the pursuit of happiness.

It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.

We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.

Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.

I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew our of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."

And if America is to ba a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!

Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!

But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!

Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

When we let freedom ring, whem we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"


http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec03/march_8-27.html

Watch a video - "I Have a Dream"

On August 28, 1963 250,000 civil rights supporters attended the March on Washington D.C. Martin Luther King Junior delivered his famous "I Have a Dream Speech" at the Lincoln Memorial. This famous speech affected millions of lives.

source www.pbs.org

video source http://media.valenciacc.edu/

Америкчууд Оросын тухай...
Бидний үеийнхэн бага наснаасаа л социализмын хүмүүжлээр хүмүүжсэн. Тиймээс Америк гэдэг "муу", "манай дайсан", тэр оронд ядуу гуйлгачин хүмүүс ихтэй, хүмүүс зарцалдаг хэмээн зааж сургаж байсан билээ. Бодохноо төрөл бүрийн зургийн тэмцээнд бидний болон биднээс өмнөх үеийнхэн "улс төрийн" сэдвээр их оролцдог байсан бөгөөд энэ нь гайгүй "очков" авдаг байсантай холбоотой байх. Тэдгээр зургуудаас "атомын бөмбөг" гэсэн бичигтэй бөмбөгийг өндөр хар малгайтай, шонхор хамартай, туранхай (эсвэл гэдсээрээ тарган), эрүүндээ сахалтай, царай муутай хөгшин барьчихсан (малгай дээр нь ч юм уу аль нэгэн газарт нь бас АНУ гээд биччихсэн) зураг байдаг байсан нь санаанд бууж байхын. 80-аад оноос өмнөх үеийн сонингуудыг шүүвэл иймэрхүү зургийг олон харах байхдаа. Мөн Зөвлөлт ах нар маань Америк гэгч улсыг будаа болгочихоор атомын бөмбөгтэй гэсэн төсөөлөлтэй, атомын бөмбөгүүд нь нэгэн товч дарахаар бүгдээрээ дэлхийн хаана ч нисээд дайснуудыг устгачихна, тэдгээр товчлуурууд нь дайсны талд ч, манай талд ч ялгаагүй хэн нэгэн хүний (магадгүй генерал) ширээн дээр байдаг, тэр хүний гар нь товчийг дарахад хэзээд бэлэн, тэр хүн нь гадагшаа гарах, гэртээ унтахдаа хүртэл нэг жижигхэн хар цүнхэнд л хадгалаад хажуугаасаа салгадаггүй мэтээр л ойлгодог байваа хөөрхий.
Коммунизм, капитализмын үзэл суртлын өрсөлдөөн өнгөрсөн зууны 80-аад оны дунд үе хүртэл их хүчтэй байсан бөгөөд Зөвлөлт Холбоот улс задарснаар коммунизмын үзэл байр сууриа алдсан билээ. Үүнээс өмнө Зөвлөлт Холбоот улс ба Америкийн нэгдсэн улсын хооронд илүү хүчирхэгээ харуулах, дэлхийд эзлэх байр суурийн төлөөх улс төр, нийгэм, эдийн засаг, ер нь бүхий л салбарт өрсөлдөөн явагдаж байв. Ялангуяа батлан хамгаалах салбарт, зэр зэвсэг, цэрэг, байлдааны хэрэгсэл, цөмийн зэвсгээр бие биенээсээ илүү хүчирхэгээ харуулах ил тэмцэл. Мөн энэхүү хоёр гүрний тэмцэл нь шинжлэх ухааны салбарт, ялангуяа сансар судлалын хөгжилд ихээхэн түлхэц болсон ба үүний тод жишээн нь Зөвлөлтөөс сансарт анх хүн нисэж, Америкаас хүн саран дээр буулгасан явдал юм. За тэгээд, олон улсын чанартай урлаг, спортын уралдаан тэмцээнүүд, олимтпод тус орныг төлөөлсөн жүжигчид, баг, тамирчид хэрхэн оролцох нь хүртэл их чухал байсан байхаа.

Бид капитализмын эсрэг хүмүүжлээр хүмүүжиж байсантай адилхан Америкчууд коммунизмын эсрэг хүмүүжлээр хүмүүжигдсэн. Энэ талаар болон Америкчууд Оросын тухай ямар ойлголттой байдаг талаар олон нийтийн телевизийн суваг-PBS-ийн нэвтрүүлгээс ерөнхий ойлголт авах байхаа гэж бодож байна.

*Надад энэ хоёр улсад хоёуланд нь сурч амьдрах завшаан тохиосон юм байна.

Red Files

The ENORMOUS Kleenex Box - The Soviets Steal the Atomic Secrets
....Espionage, notably that performed by an American relay team anchored by a 19 year old Harvard student inside America's most top secret weapon's lab, gave Stalin's scientists an essential shortcut. An innocent looking American courier smuggled secrets that had been snatched up by the young scientists at the Los Alamos nuclear weapons lab. Under the noses of the FBI and War Department security she carried A bomb plans across the U.S. hidden in a Kleenex box... (site)

A Socialist Moon Program Made by Moscow's Mystery Man
....The Kremlin revealed the identity of the Twentieth Century's greatest mystery man only after his death in 1966. Before that, the 'rocket scientist' who kept the Soviet Union ahead of the United States, as well as every other nation on earth, in the quest to explore outer space was know publicly as "The Chief Designer" His very name was a secret whispered among a knowing few. (site)

Үндсэн сайтад зурагнууд дээр дарж орно уу.

source http://www.pbs.org

PBS -ээр Суэцийн сувгийн тухай нэвтрүүлгийг ноднин нэг, энэ жил нэг үзлээ. PBS.org сайтаас нэвтрүүлгээ хайгаад олсонгүй боловч өөр сайтнаас яг тэр киногоо оллоо. Энэхүү кинонд Суэцийн сувгийн (эзэмшил) маргааны улмаас Египт Британий хооронд 1956 онд дайны гал хэрхэн дүрэлзсэн тухай гарна. Тухайн үед байсан Египтийн Ерөнхийлөгч Гамал Абдел Нассер (Gamal Abdel Nasser), Английн ерөнхий сайд Антони Эдэн (Аnthony Eden) нарын тухай багагүй мэдээллийг авна. Египтийн Ерөнхийлөгч Нассер ард түмэндээ хандаж хэлсэн үгэндээ "Ferdinand Marie Vicomte de Lesseps" нууц үгийг хэлснээр (14 удаа хэлсэн байна) тусгайлан бэлдсэн (30) хүмүүс Англи болон Францын компаны мэдэлд байсан Suez Canal Company компаний байранд нэвтрэн орж Суэцийн Сувгийг Египтийн мэдэлд авснаар асуудал хурцдана...

The Other Side of Suez
The Suez crisis of 1956, as seen by Egyptians who were involved in the events. The similarities with the recent Iraq war are also shown here clearly.
Real player - 60 min. 2005



Apart from its revelations about the attitude and conduct of British prime minister Anthony Eden, who deeply resented President Nasser's championing of Egyptian independence, actively encouraged plots to fabricate dissent, turned a blind eye to several assassination attempts and eventually connived with the French and the Israelis to manufacture a 'war' as an excuse for sending in British troops to 'act as a buffer' between the Egyptians and the Israelis and protect Western interests as represented by the Suez Canal — apart from all this, the programme went on to make direct comparisons between these events of 50 years ago and the present situation in Iraq.
Eden sabotaged UN efforts for a negotiated settlement, described Nasser as a Soviet puppet who must be removed, cited 'sexed-up' intelligence reports to back up his arguments, and disastrously under-estimated the resistance of the Egyptian population to the sending in of British troops. Does this sound at all as if no lessons have been learned from history? Miscalculation followed miscalculation as Anthony Eden hatched his petty little plans to discredit Nasser. He totally failed to anticipate the disapproving reaction of the United States and the Cold War consequences of his actions. He similarly failed to allow for how the Soviet Union would react (as it was, Khruschev threatened to bomb London and Paris and cracked down on the Hungarian uprising to demonstrate that Soviet interests would also be 'protected').
Further unfortunate consequences which followed from the Suez crisis were a shift of US policy which saw them becoming actively involved in Middle East affairs, and a tragic miscalculation by Nasser of his and Egypt's power, which led in turn to the disastrous Arab-Israeli war of 1967, the aftermath of which still plagues the region to this day.

source from http://personal.nbnet.nb.ca/sveniot
photo http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41219000/gif/_41219546_egypt_map203.gif

more links http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDsuez.htm

Хэцүү юм болж билээ...

Что и требовалось доказать
Комиссия Торшина нашла виновных в бесланском теракте
Долгожданные итоги бесланского расследования, проводившегося парламентской комиссией под началом вице-спикера Совфеда Александра Торшина, наконец-то стали достоянием гласности. Как и прогнозировалось, ничего принципиально нового сказано не было. Были названы заказчики теракта, отмечена халатность регионального МВД, а ответственность за гибель огромного количества заложников возложена на террористов.
( site )

source http://www.lenta.ru

Are you afraid ?
Ene doloo xonogt Carla Cassidy-yn "Are you afraid" gedeg nomyg unshij baina. Duusaagui bolovch ene nomnoos t'orson bodloo xuvaaltsii gej bodloo.
Bid er ni yunaas aidag bas ve? O'rgon utgaar jigshdeg, xalgadag, zailsxiideg, bolgoomjildog ve?
Nomond exelj buigaar bol sho'noos... tegeed tsaashlaad gol baataryn zaluu nasand bolson gemt xaldlagyn ul mo'r...
Za tegeed o'oriinxoo bodlyg bichii:
Xun bolgond aidas todorxoi xemjeegeer orshdog.
Baga bxad mini manaix gert bsan bo'good geryn xajuud tsahilgaany shugam bu'xii shongyn mod bdag bsan um. Xu'chtei salxi boloxoor tsaxilgaany utas ni isregeed, o'rxny oosor, bu'ch geryn deerees balbaad aidas to'ruuldeg baij bilee. Zarimdaa xu'chtei shuurga boloxoor xen bu'xnees tu'ruuleed l toonoosoo 40-yn bitontoi (sav) us duujilchixdeg baij bilee. Ger mini nurchix bolov uu geed aidag baijee xo'orxii. Mo'n nadaas o'or "tom" xungui bol du'u naraa, bas geree saxij bgaa tsarai mini bas ter baijee. Baga nasny aidas mini ter baij.
Xu'uxdees yunaas aidag ve gevel xaranxuigaas, aimshgyn kinogoos gex bx. Zarim ni galaas... Xarin osvor nasnyxan arai o'or zuil, tegeed nasny ontslogoos xamaaraad o'or o'or zuiluud nerlex bx. Suragchid muu dun avaxaas, shalgaltandaa unaxaas...Gemt xun gelbelzen gedeg dee. Gemt xeregten xu'n tsagdaagaas (xuulias) aina... Alivaa xariutslagatai alba xashij bui xun aldaa xiixees aina. Bicheech xun aldaatai barimt gargaxaasaa aina.. za tegeed yer ni xun bolgon l gemt xereg, gemt xeregtnees, o'vchinoos, gemtel ba avaar osloos g m aidag.
Setgel zuigees xamaaraad bas aidas to'rdog. Xu'n neg udaa sanamsargui xudlaa xeljee. Tu'uniigee zasax gej daxiad neg udaa xudlaa xelne. Ingeed olon udaa xudlaa xelsen xun xudlaa xelexeesee aina.
Emegtei xun to'rj xashirdaggui. Er xun shartaj xashirdaggui gej xen xelsen um bol. Sonsox agshind u'nen um shig bolovch ene ni xudal um. Emegtei xu'nd jiremslex, esex, xerxen to'rox bol gexees avaxuulaad mash olon aidas bdag. Erchuudyn xuvid shartsaxaas, or shartsanaas bolood biend bolon setgeld u'usex shanalgaa, zovlongyn aidas. Edgeer aidsyg l zasax, setgelyg sergeex gesen oroldlogo gej bodoj baina.
Xun busdad toogdoxgui bxaas aina. Ulmaar gantsaardal-yn aidas. Gantsaardal gedgyg Robinzon shig aral deer gantsaaraa bxyg xelj bui bish, dotood setgelyn gantsaardal.

Za tegeed bodood bsan xumuun 5-n medrexuigeeree "aidas"-yg xu'leen avdag bololtoi.
Xarj aina. U'nertej jigshine. Amtalj oi ni gutna. Sonsoj evguitsne. Xu'rch tevdene.

Are you afraid?

Map showing changes in borders of the Mongol Empire from founding by Genghis Khan in 1206, Genghis Khan's death in 1227 to the rule of Kublai Khan (1260–1294). (Uses modern day borders)
Mongol Empire
By 1294 the empire had split into:
Golden Horde
Chagatai Khanate
Ilkhanate
Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty)

Religion and War
Tu'uxend bolj baisan dain tulaanuud bugdeeree shashiny dain, mo'rgoldoon bish bolovch tedgeer ni yamar negen baidlaar shashiny uil, zanshil, elementuudyg aguuldag baiv: nomlogch (lam) dain tulaandaa yalaxyg zalbirax, ero'ox (dain tulaand oroxyn omno daichdad nom aildax) gex met...
Dain tulaany yed sum xiiduudyg ezelsneer esreg talynxaa setgel, zurxyg moxooj yalan diilne xemeen u'zdeg bsan tul sum xiiduud ni dain tulaany talbar, bai boldog baijee. ... za yeronxiid ni unshina bizdee.

"The view upon religions versus another is very debatable. For example, in the USA, and in other places around Europe, many people would agree that terrorism is part of an ongoing war of religion. However, who is fighting who is the main topic that is so hard to define. Is it Muslims vs. Christianity? Or is it the Middle East vs. The West? Many people have different views, definitions and opinions upon this subject. "

Yagaad ene tuxai bichix bolov oo?

Muslim shashiny talaar taagui ug xelsen Pope Muslim shashintnyydaas uuchlal xu'ssen bolovch ene ni nileen xurts, o'rgojij magadgui asuudal bolood bna.. Popyn xelsen ug ni zarim negend ni u'nen met baij bolox bolovch ... o'or shashiny, ter tusmaa odoogyn eedreetei tsagt, Muslim shashiny talaarxi du'gnelt, xelex u'gee sain bodoj tungaax xeregtei bsan. getel Pope xelex ugee shalgaj, tungaaj, nyagtalsan l bgaa. Yagaad xelex bolov? Iimerxuu "aldaa " xiimeergiu um.. ali esvel "uls to'r" orchixson uu? Uuchlal guina gedeg Pope ooroo buruu zuil xiisnee xu'leen zo'vshoorson gesen ug... Uuchlal xu'sex bsan yagaad xelex bolov oo?... olon um bna daa...

- Popyn xelsen ug: pdf file-aar
- Latest video news about Pope speech (Pope ooryn bier alban yosoor uuchlal xu'sev)

"Remarks by Pope Benedict XVI in a speech in Germany have provoked outrage in the Muslim world and led to demands that the pontiff apologise for "insulting" Islam."

Crusades
A traditional numbering scheme for the crusades gives us nine during the 11th to 13th centuries, as well as other smaller crusades that are mostly contemporaneous and unnumbered. There were frequent "minor" crusades throughout this period, not only in Palestine, but also in the Iberian Peninsula and central Europe, against not only Muslims, but also Christian heretics and personal enemies of the Papacy or other powerful monarchs. Such "crusades" continued into the 16th century, until the Renaissance and Reformation when the political and religious climate of Europe was significantly different than that of the Middle Ages. The following is a listing of the "major" crusades.

u'untei xolbogduulan tuuxyn tuxai: Timeline of WORLD history